QE? Again? But what is it?

Quantitative Easing - what is it?

Maybe we need to remind ourselves, because the European Central Bank is expected to do it today.

The idea would be to pump more money into the stagnant eurozone economy, to encourage spending, investment and growth.

But how is it done?

Here's my explanation from a while ago when the Bank of England tried it.

And here's the Bank's explanation.

Do pensioners lose from QE?

The Bank of England says its £375bn of money creation or Quantitative Easing (QE) hasn't hurt pensioners as various groups have complained. The charge has been that the QE process has reduced the value of retirement annuities which people buy with the money they've saved in their pension pots - that's because QE has the side effect of cutting the income you can earn from government bonds or GILTS, and hence the potential income from an annuity.

The Bank claims that's not true because:

"For those approaching retirement in ‘defined contribution’ schemes, lower gilt yields as a result of QE have reduced annuity rates. But it is crucial to allow for the fact the QE has raised the value of pension fund assets too. Once allowance is made for that, QE is estimated to have had a broadly neutral impact on the value of the annuity income that can be purchased from a typical personal pension pot invested in a mixture of bonds and equities.

"The paper shows that QE also has a broadly neutral impact on a fully funded ‘defined benefit’ scheme. Moreover, the pension incomes of people coming up to retirement in a defined benefit scheme, whether fully funded or not, will have been unaffected by QE. But schemes that were already in substantial deficit before the financial crisis are likely to have seen those deficits increased."

Dr Ros Altmann, Director-General of Saga says the Bank's argument doesn't make sense:


“A brief examination of the facts does not support the argument that QE has pushed up asset prices by at least as much as it has depressed annuity rates...investments in equity markets have been hugely volatile and the overall performance of the stock market has not risen sharply in recent years, whereas gilt yields have moved sharply lower and annuity rates have plummeted.

“The fall in annuity rates since mid-2008 is over 24%.  Cumulative inflation for older age groups has risen by over 20%.  The FTSE is relatively unchanged and the average balanced pension fund has performed poorly, so that for people with defined contribution pensions, the impact of QE in reality has not been as the Bank of England is assuming.”

What is QE?

Quantitative Easing - what is it?

Maybe we need to remind ourselves, because the bank of England might do it again today.

It's a way of pumping money into the economy, to encourage more spending, investment and growth.

First the Bank pumped in £200bn, then another £75bn, then from last February another £50bn.

But how is it done?

Here's the Bank's explanation.

And here's mine from 3 years ago, when the Bank first did it.